Electrical condenser.



, and possessing in a "SNITED si:

ERNEST A. BAYLES, OF HELSBY,

HELSBY CABLES "PATENT OFFICE ELECTRICAL CONDENSERK Application filed March 1, 1913.

Speccaton of Letters Patent.

` To all whom may 0072.(*61-'7'63 Be it known that l, Enx'ns r ARTHUR linrlins, a subject ol' the'ling' of England, residing at. -Hillsilc, Helshy, .in the county of Chester, England, have inventcd new and useful lnprovenients in or Connected with Elcctrical Condensers, ot which the 'following is a specification.

This invention has re terence to static elec trical condensers of the type Wherein the dielect'ic is paper or like material, and they are made of a plurality of strips or laninec of such paper or material, and metal, rolled or coiled up, the metal between the lamina ot paper constituting the two plates of the condenser. The metal in some cases may he coated or forned on or' constitute a metallic surface on the paper, or in others it may be separate and rolli'd up With'it; that is, it may he conposed of alternate layers of conducting n aterial such. tin t'oil, Copper, and the like, and a cli electric ot'paper or the like. I

Electrical condenscrs of 'the above type are n'elhknownand largely used,` and ora given space occupied they have a 'relatively large electrical Capacity Moreover, electricl -condcnsers of this type have been proposcd to he made so as to render them suitable for use in omecticn With high tension power circuits as Well as under other conditions; that is they possess the necessary characteristics and qualiticsto enable theni to be used practically and successtully in such circuits or With high Voltages, Without the liahility of breaking down or being damaged; this being partly ettected by increasing the di-electric strength ot' the ondenser.

The ohjects ot the present lIlVntion have been primarily to provide iniprove ncnts in processes of, and means for rnaiufacturing condensers of the type refet-red to, and more particularly those of the latter kind, by which the` process of inan'utacture can he carl-led 'out more eiectirely, simply, and rapidly, and the condenser made oi* in a nanner and formvvwell suited to the conditions ot' use and service it has to undergo, high .degree the qualities and characteristics specified.

In the inauutacture of condenscrs of the kind referred to, and nore particularly those used in high tension circuits, such as referred to, the paper (or like) di-electrc, is, in order and adapted 1 i produced N l stancei in a Ycssel,

Patent ed May 2/7, 193.

Serial No. 751.532.

to give it the quality t high Capacity, impregnated Wii h an insatating suhstance such as parattln a or like suhstance, which is solid at ord taiv temperature& as Well as tillin: the` interstices hetveenthe paper and nietal convohttions, as the case may be; and in general practice, the condenser is made up, by rolling the laininae of which it is conposed. t'airly tig'htly, and the-n the roll is immersedin wax c* liko substance, in a heated ,and liquid. si sc ieefimes under artificial pressiu'e and inipregnated By it; and suhsequently the wax or substance, with the condenser structure roll immersed in it, is allowed to cool. V ,e

According to this' invention; the con- Llensersot the `nind reterred to, are immersed'in the n'ol'ten parafiin or like suband preferably under considerahle pressure; so that the d'i-clectric becomes in'pregnated, i' it is not already impregnated. and the interstices within it, wherever they 31 23 exist, hecomefilledwith the inelted Wax. oi suhstance: and the` cool- W i liquidis arranged to take place gradually ata part ofi the contlenser which is away from the direction of application ofpressiire` and cool& and soliclities gradually from this place or point toivard the direction of application of such pressure, so that as thewaxor substance solidifies, it does not interfere With the tull pressure of the liquittbcing maintained on such parts of the cnndenser as are not inclosed hy solidified wax atanymoincnh so that up to the last portion of the contlenser to .become -incased or covered With soliditied n'ax or substance, the tvax in a liquid state, at full present-e Will be in contact with, and acting on the said unincased portion, itheing in communication through the liquid medium, witlfihe point or part froni which the pressure is applied to the liquid; so that, as the paratlin or like 'substance solidifies on the condenser, it will at every part., (including ot coirse those parts nost requiring it, viz., the ends at which the liquid enters most freely) 'be suhjected hyclraulically to pressure through the liquid directly, and not through the solid substance or semi-solid suhstance. The ettect of this is, that as the Wax shrinks in solidifying, no spaces are left by shrinkages of the wax between' thenterstices of-the convohton of closed bottom and open top--and in this con-` tainer or cading is placed in a vessel and subjected to vacuum; and while under this conditionthat is still under a vaciumhe molten paraflin wax or other equivalent impr'egnating substance is introduced into the vessel. By` this treatment, the air will i wax or 'ubstance will enter and fill the Spaces b''interstides to a large extent or dei gree; including those between the' roll and the interior of the case. Each- :condensernow comprising the roll and its' casing--- while the wax s still liqu'id, is inserted in a press which may' contain liquid wax or like substance, and pressure 'is applied to the liquid, say through a ram or other suitv able means of applyng pressure; and then while the pressure is applied to the liquid, the cooling of the cylinder or thgpress vessel in which the condenser or c'o densers is or are placed, is commenced and carried out-preferably artificially by external cooling--for solidfying the wax or substanca; the solidifying of it must begin or take place first at a part or point in the condenser which is away from, or opposite the point or direction of application of the pressure. By this method of cooling and solidifying as` stated, the direct pressure can be aiplied through liquid--and not solid para n or the liketo the last point of the condenser, where solidication takes place, that is preferably the end which is open. Thus the solidification creeps up gradually around the condenser to this last point where the liquid exists, and which is in communication directly with the direction of application of pressure, until this last part also is inclo'sed and covered in by solidifie'd wax under pressure. V

At present i`t is preferred that the container of the cylindrical roll, forming the body of the condenser, is cylindrical and has an open 'upper end, and closed bottom; and that the roll fits loosely in it, and it-the container-stafids some distance above the top of the roll, so that when it is filled with wax amd treated as described, it will be covered in at this upper end with 'a considerable depth of wax. When the condensers are so made, the press *used will preferably comprise a vertical cylinder, adapted to receive one condenser (or it may be more), as shown n the accompanying drawing.

This cylinder in the drawing is marked a, and'rets on a -bottom plate b; and the ram c-whch is adapted to be removed from the cylinder, or the cylinder from it, by any suitable moving means which can move these parts in relation to each other-tits and works in the opposite end of the cylinder. When the ram is not in the cylinder, the condenser body d, within its holderor ccntainer can (which will be filled with molten wax so that the condenser is submerged in it) can be, introduced into the upper open endof the cylinder. When this' is done, the cylinder a is filled with moltcn wax, and` the ram is inserted, and the pressure appled to the liquid. In this case,

the cylinder a is adapted to' be cooled from the end farthest from the ram c first, that is near its bottom, so that solidification will begin at this part, and proceed in a direction toward the ram 6,41' the direction of application'of pressre; and so that the part of the condenser d, on which the liquid last solidifies, and which will be last in direct liquid communication with' the direction of application of pressure, will be the upper end; and hence the interstices between the laminae of paper or convolutions of the condenser when the operaton is complete,` must be filled with close wax solidified under pressure, more or less high; and so that no spaces can exist due to the shrinkage of the wax in cooling, after the charging or filling treatment or action; and all are filled with the substance of a uniform dcnsity and solidity. The lower end I of the cylinder a fits over a projection or plug on the removable end b, as shown; and this loose end may be adapted to be carried on a movable part of the press, and moved up and down on it, by suitable pressure, and so move the cylin-. der a up and down; while the plunger c` may be fixed to an upper stationary frame or part of the press. After the solidification of the wax or insulation takes place, the bottom plate of the press b is lowered or moved away fre-m the cylinder, and re- 'moVed from it; and thecondenser, enveloped in solidified wax within its container e is' ejected by moving the cylinder up over the station My ram c; and thus an easy method of ejecting the condenser, and all the solidified wax, as a plug, from the cylinder, is provided.

By the use of an open can or container, deeper than the condenser body, and keeping the latter submerged in molten wax or like substance while removing it from the vacuum apparatus ,to the pressure apparatus, and by the manner of manufacture herein described, the premature closing of the interstices at the end of the condenser by the solidification of wax at that part, 

